Knowledge Center
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Obesity
Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person’s weight is greater than what’s considered healthy for his or her height.
Obesity happens over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active.
Obesity increases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. If you have obesity, losing even 5 to 10% of your weight can delay or prevent some of these diseases. For example, that means losing 10 to 20 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds.
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Birth Weight
What is birth weight?
Birth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born. A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.What can cause low birth weight?
A baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:
- Health problems in the pregnant parent
- Taking certain medicines during pregnancy
- Substance use during pregnancy
- Infections during pregnancy
- Being pregnant with multiple babies
- Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby
- Having small parents
- Genetic conditions in the baby
- Birth defects
What problems can low birth weight cause?
Babies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:
- Breathing problems
- Infections
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Jaundice
- Trouble keeping warm
There is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:
- Delayed motor and social development
- Learning disabilities
- Certain health conditions as an adult, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity
What can cause high birth weight?
Causes of high birth weight can include:
- Having big parents
- Diabetes in the pregnant parent
- Certain genetic conditions
- Too much weight gain during pregnancy
What problems can high birth weight cause?
High birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:
- Blood sugar
- Breathing problems
- Jaundice
Can birth weight problems be prevented?
You may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:
- Getting regular checkups during pregnancy
- Getting the right amount of nutrition and calories during pregnancy
- Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Avoiding substance use during pregnancy
